What is the jaimala or varmala and when is it exchanged in a Sikh wedding?

Short answer

The jaimala, also known as the varmala, is the exchanging of flower garlands between the bride and groom to show mutual acceptance. It happens at the start of the Anand Karaj ceremony, after the couple enters the gurdwara.

The jaimala is a joyful moment that marks the beginning of the wedding ceremony itself. The bride and groom each receive a garland of fresh flowers and place it around the other's neck. This exchange says that both are entering the marriage willingly and with respect for one another.

In many Sikh weddings, the ceremony begins with the bride's family welcoming the groom and his party. The jaimala follows this welcome, often with playful teasing as family members try to stop the garland exchange or lift the couple up so they cannot reach each other. It adds fun and laughter to the occasion.

The garlands are usually made of flowers such as roses, jasmine or marigolds and may include decorative elements like ribbons or small ornaments. After the exchange, the couple proceeds to sit before the Guru Granth Sahib for the Anand Karaj. Some couples choose to keep the garlands as a memento of the day.

If you are planning the ceremony, think about the timing and how the garland exchange fits with the flow of the service. The gurdwara committee may have specific guidelines about music or movement during the ceremony.

For legal marriage requirements, rules can vary and you should check GOV.UK, the register office or the place of worship.