Short answer
A wedding cake can be out at room temperature for about two hours if it has fresh cream, custard or fruit fillings. Cakes with buttercream or royal icing can stay out longer, but check the room temperature and keep it away from direct sun.
How long your wedding cake can sit out depends on what is in it. Cakes with fresh cream, custard, mousse or fresh fruit are perishable. The general rule is that these should not be left at room temperature for more than two hours, because bacteria can grow quickly. If your venue is very warm, that time is shorter. Keep such cakes in a cool room or ask the caterer to refrigerate them until just before cutting.
Cakes with buttercream, ganache or royal icing are more forgiving. They can sit out for several hours, even a full day, without becoming unsafe. The main risks are melting, sliding tiers and drying out. Buttercream softens in heat, so keep the cake out of direct sunlight and away from radiators or warm spotlights. A cake that droops or leans is not dangerous, but it will not look its best.
If you are having an outdoor wedding, remember that summer heat can affect any cake. Ask your baker or venue to store the cake in a cool room and bring it out only for the display and cutting. After the cake is cut, uneaten slices should be boxed and refrigerated or frozen quickly. If you are unsure, ask your baker for specific advice for your cake's fillings and the season.
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